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Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; (ロシア語:Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН)) ''Rossíiskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.
Headquartered in Moscow, the Academy (RAS) is considered a civil, self-governed, non-commercial organization〔(General information about the Academy ) (in Russian)〕 chartered by the Government of Russia. It combines the members of RAS (see below) and scientists employed by institutions.
The Academy currently includes around 500 institutions and 55 thousand scientific researchers.
==Membership==
There are three types of membership in the RAS: full members (academicians), corresponding members, and foreign members. Academicians and corresponding members must be citizens of the Russian Federation when elected. However, some academicians and corresponding members were elected before the collapse of the USSR and are now citizens of other countries. Members of RAS are elected based on their scientific contributions – election to membership is considered very prestigious.〔(Academy membership ) (in Russian)〕 As of 2005–2007 there are just under 500 full members in the academy and a similar number of corresponding members.
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